Back

Analysis of Short Stories from Modern and Postmodern Eras

Introduction:


In the world of literature, the Modern and Postmodern eras have both left an indelible mark. This comparison will explore two short stories, “Hills Like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemingway from the Modern era and “Interpreter of Maladies” by Jhumpa Lahiri from the Postmodern era. We will delve into their themes and techniques to better understand how these periods differ and what they have in common.

I. Theme

A. Modern Era – “Hills Like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemingway

Communication and Miscommunication: Hemingway’s story is centered around a couple’s conversation at a train station in Spain. The central theme is their inability to communicate effectively, highlighting the strain in their relationship as they discuss a looming decision. This theme underscores the broader Modernist concern with the breakdown of communication in the post-World War I era.

Choices and Consequences: The story touches on the theme of choices and their consequences, as the couple must decide whether to proceed with an abortion. The choice they face has profound implications for their future, and mirroring the disillusionmet.

B. Postmodern Era – “Interpreter of Maladies” by Jhumpa Lahiri

Loneliness and Connection: Loneliness and the quest for meaningful human connection are central to the narrative. The characters in the story grapple with emotional isolation, highlighting the alienation that can accompany the modern world.

II. Techniques:

A. Modern Era – “Hills Like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemingway

Iceberg Theory: Hemingway employs the Iceberg Theory, where he presents only the tip of the iceberg on the surface, leaving much unsaid.

Stream of Consciousness: The story also incorporates elements of stream of consciousness. Through the characters’ internal monologues, readers gain insight into their thoughts and emotions.

B. Postmodern Era – “Interpreter of Maladies” by Jhumpa Lahiri

Intertextuality: Lahiri’s story incorporates intertextuality, drawing on references to Indian literature, mythology, and history. This technique underscores the idea that stories are interconnected and embedded within a broader cultural context.

III. Comparative Analysis:

A. Communication and Miscommunication:

“Hills Like White Elephants” demonstrates the Modernist preoccupation with the failure of communication as a result of societal shifts brought about by war.
“Interpreter of Maladies” explores the Postmodern notion of communication transcending linguistic boundaries, highlighting the difficulties and rewards of cross-cultural connections.


B. Choices and Consequences:

In Hemingway’s story, the characters’ decision to have an abortion reflects the moral and emotional confusion of the Modern era, where traditional values were challenged.
“Interpreter of Maladies” emphasizes the consequences of choices made across cultures, underscoring the complexities of globalization and its impact on individual lives.


C. Cultural Identity and Displacement:

The theme of cultural identity in “Interpreter of Maladies” reflects the Postmodern era’s celebration of diversity and the struggles faced by those caught between different worlds.
In contrast, the characters in “Hills Like White Elephants” are grappling with personal dilemmas rather than broader cultural identity issues, reflecting the narrower focus of the Modernist period.


D. Loneliness and Connection:

“Interpreter of Maladies” highlights the characters’ loneliness and their quest for connection in a globalized world, resonating with Postmodernism’s exploration of alienation amid interconnectedness.
In “Hills Like White Elephants,” the characters’ loneliness is more rooted in their personal relationship struggles.
Conclusion:


The comparison of “Hills Like White Elephants” from the Modern era and “Interpreter of Maladies” from the Postmodern era provides a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of literary themes and techniques. The Modernist era, marked by a focus on disillusionment and the breakdown of communication, contrasts with the Postmodern era’s. Both eras share a common concern for the human condition, though they approach it through distinct lenses.

We use cookies to give you the best experience. Cookie Policy

× How can I help you?